Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

In one line: The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) is the plan adopted under the Convention on Biological Diversity in December 2022 to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030.

What it contains

It was adopted at the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the CBD in Montreal. It has four long-term goals for 2050 and 23 targets for 2030. The best known is Target 3, often called '30 by 30': conserve at least 30% of land and of coastal and marine areas by 2030. Other targets cover restoring degraded ecosystems, cutting harmful subsidies, and requiring large businesses to disclose their impacts on nature.

Why it is in the news

Indicators such as the Living Planet Index help show whether the world is on track. The 2026 report's call to change food and finance systems echoes the framework's targets on subsidies and business.

Where to go next

• Living Planet Index
• Drivers of biodiversity loss