Fundamental duties

In one line: Fundamental duties are listed in Article 51A, added by the 42nd Amendment (1976) on the Swaran Singh Committee's recommendation.

Number

Originally ten; the 86th Amendment (2002) added an eleventh, on parents providing education to children aged 6 to 14.

On national symbols

Article 51A(a) asks citizens to respect the Constitution, the National Flag and the National Anthem.

Enforceability

They are not directly enforceable in court, but can guide the interpretation of laws.

Where to go next

• Bijoe Emmanuel v. State of Kerala: The right to remain silent
• Vande Mataram: The history of the National Song