UPSC current affairs quiz, 30 October 2026

With reference to the RBI's 2017 framework on limiting customers' liability in unauthorised electronic banking transactions, consider the following statements:
1. A customer has zero liability when the unauthorised transaction results from contributory fraud, negligence or deficiency on the part of the bank.
2. Where the loss is due to the customer's negligence, such as sharing payment credentials, the customer bears the entire loss until the transaction is reported to the bank.
3. The burden of proving customer liability lies on the customer.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements about the Supreme Court hearing of 29 October 2026 on digital arrest scams:
1. The Bench proposed that banks compensate victims where a failure of due diligence on their part is proven.
2. The Attorney General supported the Court imposing penalties directly on banks.
3. The Bench directed States to submit details of FIRs in digital arrest cases.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

1. Only one
2. Only two
3. All three
4. None

Consider the following statements about the RBI circular of 6 July 2017 on unauthorised electronic banking transactions:
1. A customer has zero liability for a third-party breach reported within three working days of the bank's communication.
2. For a third-party breach reported within four to seven working days, the customer's liability is capped.
3. The bank must resolve the complaint within a Board-approved period not exceeding 90 days.
4. The circular covers transfers that the customer personally authorises under pressure.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

1. Only one
2. Only two
3. Only three
4. All four

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: The Supreme Court has examined banks' due diligence in digital arrest scams instead of relying only on the RBI's 2017 customer-protection circular.
Statement-II: In a digital arrest scam the victim is usually pressured into making the transfer, while the 2017 circular deals with unauthorised transactions.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
2. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
3. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
4. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

The case "In Re: Victims of Digital Arrest Related to Forged Documents" before the Supreme Court is best described as:

1. A transfer petition from a High Court
2. A suo motu writ proceeding registered by the Court
3. A reference made by the President under Article 143
4. A public interest litigation filed by the RBI

Which of the following were among the directions given by the Supreme Court on 4 August 2026 in the digital arrest case?
1. The RBI to adopt an SOP within four weeks for temporary debit holds on accounts linked to cyber fraud.
2. States and UTs to operationalise State Cyber Crime Coordination Centres and adopt the e-Zero FIR mechanism with I4C.
3. A ban on all video calls from unknown numbers.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1. 1 only
2. 1 and 2 only
3. 2 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

With reference to the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT), consider the following statements:
1. It was constituted under Section 410 of the Companies Act, 2013.
2. It hears appeals against orders of the Competition Commission of India.
3. It hears appeals against orders of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements about the Supreme Court hearing of 29 October 2026 on NCLT staff:
1. The Court said appointment power for NCLT staff should rest with the NCLT President.
2. The Court barred all terminations of contractual staff without the President's approval.
3. The Court suggested recruitment through the UPSC or the Staff Selection Commission.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

1. Only one
2. Only two
3. All three
4. None

Consider the following statements:
1. Articles 323A and 323B were added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
2. Article 323A deals with administrative tribunals for public service matters.
3. Article 323B allows tribunals for matters such as taxation and industrial disputes.
4. The NCLT was constituted under Article 323A.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

1. Only one
2. Only two
3. Only three
4. All four

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: In November 2025 the Supreme Court struck down the Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021.
Statement-II: The Court found that the Act largely reproduced provisions it had earlier struck down, such as a four-year tenure and a minimum age of 50 years for appointment.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
2. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
3. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
4. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

The National Company Law Tribunal was set up on the recommendation of which committee?

1. Narasimham Committee
2. V. Balakrishna Eradi Committee
3. Bimal Jalan Committee
4. Urjit Patel Committee

Consider the following statements about the Ministry of Corporate Affairs' response of 30 October 2026:
1. It said it plays only an administrative role in appointing NCLT judicial and technical members.
2. It said the NCLT manages the appointment of its own officers and staff.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

With reference to NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation), consider the following statements:
1. Its service area covers India and a region extending about 1,500 km beyond India's boundary.
2. NVS-03 adds an L1 signal, the frequency used by ordinary GPS receivers.
3. A receiver can fix its position using signals from any two NavIC satellites.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements about the GSLV-F18/NVS-03 mission:
1. It is the 20th flight of the GSLV.
2. The GSLV places NVS-03 directly in its final geostationary slot.
3. The third stage of the GSLV is a cryogenic stage using liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

1. Only one
2. Only two
3. All three
4. None

Consider the following statements about NavIC:
1. It was designed with three satellites in geostationary orbit and four in inclined geosynchronous orbits.
2. It offers an encrypted Restricted Service for authorised users.
3. Its Standard Positioning Service has position accuracy better than 20 m, according to ISRO.
4. It provides global coverage like GPS.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

1. Only one
2. Only two
3. Only three
4. All four

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: NavIC currently cannot provide standalone positioning.
Statement-II: Only three NavIC satellites are working, while a receiver needs signals from at least four satellites to fix its position.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
2. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
3. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
4. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Which one of the following best explains why the L1 signal on NVS-03 matters for ordinary users?

1. It is the only band that works in bad weather
2. It is the band that ordinary GPS receivers already use, so NavIC can reach phones and wearables more easily
3. It is the encrypted band reserved for the armed forces
4. It allows NavIC to provide global coverage

Consider the following pairs:
1. IRNSS-1A : atomic clocks failed in 2016
2. IRNSS-1H : could not be placed in its intended orbit in 2017
3. NVS-02 : launched as the 100th launch from Sriharikota
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

1. 1 only
2. 1 and 2 only
3. 2 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements regarding hanging glaciers:
1. They are masses of ice on steep slopes or cliffs above a valley, often ending abruptly at a slope break.
2. Their main hazard is the sudden failure of a moraine-dammed lake.
3. A falling mass of ice from them can turn into a debris flow by picking up rock, sediment and water.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements about the Badrinath hanging-glacier study published on 28 October 2026:
1. It modelled ice avalanches from three hanging glaciers.
2. It was published in the journal Nature.
3. It called for hazard mapping and tighter rules on construction.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

1. Only one
2. Only two
3. All three
4. None

Consider the following statements about hanging glaciers in the Alaknanda basin, as per the April 2026 inventory:
1. 219 hanging glaciers were identified.
2. They cover about 71.7 sq km.
3. About 0.74 cubic km of their ice is classified as hanging ice.
4. Most of the hanging ice lies outside the Upper Alaknanda.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

1. Only one
2. Only two
3. Only three
4. All four

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: The 7 February 2021 Chamoli disaster is not classified as a glacial lake outburst flood.
Statement-II: It began with a collapse of rock and glacier ice from Ronti Peak rather than the bursting of a glacial lake.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
2. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
3. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
4. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Badrinath township lies in the valley of which river?

1. Bhagirathi
2. Alaknanda
3. Mandakini
4. Yamuna

Which of the following were exposed to ice avalanches in the high-mobility scenario of the Badrinath study?
1. A helipad
2. About 2.66 km of transport infrastructure
3. About 15.57 hectares of forest
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1. 1 only
2. 1 and 2 only
3. 2 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

With reference to the Priority Sector Lending (PSL) norms for domestic scheduled commercial banks, consider the following statements:
1. The overall PSL target is 40% of Adjusted Net Bank Credit (ANBC).
2. The sub-target for agriculture is 18% of ANBC.
3. The overall PSL target for Regional Rural Banks is lower than that for domestic commercial banks.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements about the High-Level Committee on Banking for Viksit Bharat:
1. It is chaired by a former Governor of the RBI.
2. It has a tenure of six months.
3. It was announced in the Union Budget 2026-27.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

1. Only one
2. Only two
3. All three
4. None

Which of the following are part of the committee's terms of reference?
1. Reviewing the Priority Sector Lending framework
2. Reviewing the Lead Bank Scheme
3. A roadmap for AI and digital innovation in banks
4. Assessing the long-term capital needs of banks, DFIs and NBFCs
How many of the above are part of the terms of reference?

1. Only one
2. Only two
3. Only three
4. All four

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: Regional Rural Banks have a higher overall priority sector lending target than domestic commercial banks.
Statement-II: The Lead Bank Scheme assigns one bank in each district to coordinate credit.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
2. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
3. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
4. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

The Lead Bank Scheme, introduced by the RBI in 1969, was based on the recommendations of:

1. Narasimham Committee and Tarapore Committee
2. Gadgil Study Group and Nariman Committee
3. Rangarajan Committee and Raghuram Rajan Committee
4. Kelkar Committee and Damodaran Committee

Which of the following institutions are explicitly named in the committee's mandate on long-term capital needs?
1. Banks
2. Development financial institutions
3. Non-banking financial companies
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1. 1 only
2. 1 and 2 only
3. 2 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3