Can Civil Society and Non-Governmental Organisations present an alternative model of public service delivery to benefit the common citizen? Discuss the challenges of this alternative model.

Supplies funding and legal constraints as concrete challenges to NGO-led service delivery.

• Opposition JPC members raised concerns about schools and hospitals built with mixed foreign and domestic funds, whose assets could vest in a government authority.
• The 2020 amendment banned transfer of foreign funds to other NGOs and cut the administrative expense cap from 50% to 20%, hurting small grassroots groups.
• Suggest allowing traceable sub-granting and encouraging domestic philanthropy and CSR as complementary funding.