Pratidin

UPSC current affairs quiz, 7 September 2026

30 Prelims-style questions on the day's news, in the formats UPSC uses (statement-based, How many, Statement-I and II), each with the answer and an explanation. Try each one before you open the answer.

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Punjab asks Centre to hold High Court Chief Justice appointment, citing MoP breach

  1. Under Article 217(1) of the Constitution of India, the President must consult which of the following before appointing the Chief Justice of a High Court?
    1. The Chief Justice of India
    2. The Governor of the State
    3. The Chief Justice of that High Court
    4. The Chief Minister of the State
    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 1, 2 and 3 only
    3. 1, 2 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4
    Show answer

    Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only. Article 217(1) names the Chief Justice of India and the Governor of the State for every High Court judge, and adds the Chief Justice of the High Court only for judges other than the Chief Justice. The Chief Minister is not named in the Constitution; the State government's views are sought under the Memorandum of Procedure, and the Governor acts on the advice of the State Council of Ministers.

  2. Consider the following statements:
    1. Article 217 requires the President to consult the Governor of the State before appointing a High Court judge.
    2. The Memorandum of Procedure is a law passed by Parliament.
    3. The Memorandum of Procedure fixes a 30-day limit for the State government to send its views.
    How many of the statements given above are correct?

    1. Only one
    2. Only two
    3. All three
    4. None
    Show answer

    Answer: (a) Only one. Statement 1 is correct: the Governor is named in Article 217(1). Statement 2 is incorrect: the MoP is an executive document agreed between the government and the judiciary, not a law. Statement 3 is incorrect: as reported in the Punjab case, the MoP lays down no time limit for the State's views.

  3. Consider the following statements:
    1. The First Judges Case (1981) held that consultation with the CJI did not mean concurrence.
    2. The Second Judges Case (1993) gave primacy to the opinion of the CJI formed with senior judges.
    3. The Third Judges Case (1998) arose from a Presidential reference.
    4. The National Judicial Appointments Commission was struck down in 2015.
    How many of the statements given above are correct?

    1. Only one
    2. Only two
    3. Only three
    4. All four
    Show answer

    Answer: (d) All four. All four are correct. S.P. Gupta (1981) gave the executive primacy by reading consultation as not concurrence. The 1993 case reversed it. The 1998 opinion came on a reference under Article 143. The NJAC was struck down in October 2015.

  4. Consider the following statements:
    Statement-I: The Governors of both Punjab and Haryana have a consultative role in appointing judges of the Punjab and Haryana High Court.
    Statement-II: Article 231 reads the reference to the Governor in Article 217 as a reference to the Governors of all the States over which a common High Court has jurisdiction.
    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    1. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
    2. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
    3. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
    4. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
    Show answer

    Answer: (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I. Both are correct. Statement-II is the reason for Statement-I: because the Punjab and Haryana High Court is a common High Court, Article 231(2) extends the Governor's consultative role to both States.

  5. An Acting Chief Justice of a High Court is appointed under which Article of the Constitution?

    1. Article 222
    2. Article 223
    3. Article 224
    4. Article 226
    Show answer

    Answer: (b) Article 223. Article 223 lets the President appoint one of the judges to perform the duties of Chief Justice when the office is vacant. Article 222 covers transfers, Article 224 covers additional and acting judges (not the Chief Justice), and Article 226 gives High Courts the power to issue writs.

  6. With reference to the appointment of a High Court Chief Justice, which of the following statements is/are correct?
    1. The proposal is initiated by the Chief Justice of India with the two senior-most judges of the Supreme Court.
    2. As a matter of policy, the Chief Justice is appointed from within the same State's High Court.
    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 1 only
    2. 2 only
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Neither 1 nor 2
    Show answer

    Answer: (a) 1 only. Statement 1 is correct: the High Court collegium for appointments consists of the CJI and the two senior-most Supreme Court judges. Statement 2 is incorrect: the MoP's policy is to appoint Chief Justices from outside the State.

Ten years of inflation targeting: does the RBI's framework work in India?

  1. With reference to the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India, which of the following statements is correct?

    1. It has six members, of whom three are external members appointed by the Central Government
    2. It is chaired by the Union Finance Minister
    3. Its external members are appointed for one year and can be reappointed
    4. It sets the inflation target once every five years
    Show answer

    Answer: (a) It has six members, of whom three are external members appointed by the Central Government. The MPC has six members: the Governor (chair, with a casting vote), the Deputy Governor in charge of monetary policy, one RBI officer nominated by the Central Board, and three external members appointed by the Centre for four years without reappointment. The inflation target is set by the Central Government in consultation with the RBI under Section 45ZA, not by the MPC.

  2. Consider the following statements about India's inflation targeting framework:
    1. The inflation target is set by the Monetary Policy Committee.
    2. The target is set once every five years.
    3. The target is defined in terms of the Wholesale Price Index.
    How many of the statements given above are correct?

    1. Only one
    2. Only two
    3. All three
    4. None
    Show answer

    Answer: (a) Only one. Statement 1 is incorrect: the Central Government sets the target in consultation with the RBI under Section 45ZA. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is incorrect: the target uses the combined Consumer Price Index.

  3. Consider the following statements about the Monetary Policy Committee:
    1. It has six members.
    2. Its external members are appointed by the Central Government for four years.
    3. The Union Finance Minister chairs it.
    4. The quorum for a meeting is four members.
    How many of the statements given above are correct?

    1. Only one
    2. Only two
    3. Only three
    4. All four
    Show answer

    Answer: (c) Only three. Statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect: the RBI Governor chairs the MPC; the government has no member on it.

  4. Consider the following statements:
    Statement-I: The Hindu analysis argues that raising the repo rate may reduce output without effectively controlling inflation in India.
    Statement-II: The analysis finds that India's New Keynesian Phillips Curve is almost flat.
    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    1. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
    2. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
    3. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
    4. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
    Show answer

    Answer: (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I. Both are correct and linked: if output has little effect on inflation (a flat curve), then cutting demand through higher rates lowers output a lot for little disinflation, which is the article's warning.

  5. In the Consumer Price Index series with base year 2024, what is the weight of food and beverages in the combined index?

    1. 45.86%
    2. 36.75%
    3. 54.18%
    4. 24.4%
    Show answer

    Answer: (b) 36.75%. The weight of food and beverages fell to 36.75% in the 2024-base series from 45.86% in the 2012-base series.

  6. With reference to the inflation targeting framework, which of the following statements is/are correct?
    1. The RBI sent its first report to the government on failing the target in November 2022.
    2. Core inflation includes food and fuel prices.
    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 1 only
    2. 2 only
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Neither 1 nor 2
    Show answer

    Answer: (a) 1 only. Statement 1 is correct: inflation stayed above 6% for three consecutive quarters of 2022, and the RBI reported under Section 45ZN in November 2022. Statement 2 is incorrect: core inflation excludes food and fuel.

Bhutan first in WHO's South-East Asia Region to eliminate dog-mediated rabies

  1. Consider the following statements about rabies:
    1. It is caused by a bacterium transmitted mainly through dog bites.
    2. It is almost always fatal once clinical symptoms appear.
    3. It can be prevented by prompt post-exposure prophylaxis after a bite.
    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3
    Show answer

    Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only. Statement 1 is incorrect: rabies is caused by a virus (genus Lyssavirus), though dogs are indeed the main source of human infection. Statement 2 is correct. Statement 3 is correct: wound washing, vaccination and, where needed, rabies immunoglobulin given promptly prevent the disease.

  2. Consider the following statements:
    1. Bhutan is the first country in WHO's South-East Asia Region to have its elimination of dog-transmitted rabies as a public health problem validated by WHO.
    2. Bhutan recorded its last human rabies death in June 2023.
    3. Bhutan's strategy relied on removing all stray dogs from public places.
    How many of the statements given above are correct?

    1. Only one
    2. Only two
    3. All three
    4. None
    Show answer

    Answer: (b) Only two. Statements 1 and 2 are correct as reported. Statement 3 is incorrect: Bhutan relied on mass dog vaccination, dog population management, awareness and access to post-exposure prophylaxis, not removal of all dogs.

  3. Consider the following about post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies:
    1. Immediate washing of the wound with soap and water.
    2. A course of rabies vaccine.
    3. Rabies immunoglobulin for severe exposures.
    4. Antibiotics as the main treatment to kill the rabies virus.
    How many of the above are part of standard rabies post-exposure prophylaxis?

    1. Only one
    2. Only two
    3. Only three
    4. All four
    Show answer

    Answer: (c) Only three. Wound washing, vaccination and, for severe exposures, rabies immunoglobulin are the components of PEP. Antibiotics do not act on viruses, so item 4 is not part of rabies PEP.

  4. Consider the following statements:
    Statement-I: Vaccinating dogs is central to preventing human rabies deaths.
    Statement-II: Dogs are the source of the great majority of human rabies infections.
    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    1. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
    2. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
    3. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
    4. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
    Show answer

    Answer: (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I. Both are correct and linked: because dogs transmit most human rabies, stopping the virus among dogs through vaccination cuts off the main route of human infection. This is the logic of the One Health approach Bhutan used.

  5. The 'Zero by 30' global strategic plan was launched by WHO together with which of the following?
    1. Food and Agriculture Organization
    2. World Organisation for Animal Health
    3. Global Alliance for Rabies Control
    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3
    Show answer

    Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3. The 2018 plan was launched by WHO, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Organisation for Animal Health and the Global Alliance for Rabies Control, working together as 'United Against Rabies'.

  6. In India, the sterilisation and vaccination of street dogs is regulated by which of the following?

    1. Animal Birth Control Rules, 2023
    2. Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972
    3. Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897
    4. Biological Diversity Act, 2002
    Show answer

    Answer: (a) Animal Birth Control Rules, 2023. The Animal Birth Control Rules, 2023, framed under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, govern sterilisation and anti-rabies vaccination of street dogs. The other laws deal with wildlife, epidemics and biodiversity.

Rajghat finds from decades-old digs shed new light on ancient Kashi

  1. Rajghat, an archaeological site identified with the capital of the ancient Kashi Mahajanapada, is located at the confluence of which rivers?

    1. Ganga and Varuna
    2. Ganga and Yamuna
    3. Ganga and Son
    4. Ganga and Ghaghara
    Show answer

    Answer: (a) Ganga and Varuna. Rajghat lies in Varanasi where the Varuna (Varana) joins the Ganga. The Ganga-Yamuna confluence is at Prayagraj, the Son joins the Ganga near Patna, and the Ghaghara joins it downstream of Chhapra, in Bihar.

  2. Consider the following statements about Rajghat:
    1. It was first excavated on a trial basis in 1940 for the Archaeological Survey of India.
    2. Banaras Hindu University carried out major excavations there between 1957 and 1969.
    3. Its oldest layers date to the Harappan period.
    How many of the statements given above are correct?

    1. Only one
    2. Only two
    3. All three
    4. None
    Show answer

    Answer: (b) Only two. Statements 1 and 2 are correct: Krishna Deva's trial dig for the ASI was in 1940 and BHU's main excavations ran from 1957 to 1969. Statement 3 is incorrect: the oldest layers date to about 800 BCE, well after the Harappan period.

  3. Consider the following:
    1. Kashi
    2. Kosala
    3. Avanti
    4. Pataliputra
    How many of the above were among the sixteen Mahajanapadas?

    1. Only one
    2. Only two
    3. Only three
    4. All four
    Show answer

    Answer: (c) Only three. Kashi, Kosala and Avanti were Mahajanapadas. Pataliputra was a city, the later capital of Magadha, not a Mahajanapada.

  4. Consider the following statements:
    Statement-I: Rajghat's oldest cultural layers are dated to about 800 BCE.
    Statement-II: Pottery from these layers is older than Northern Black Polished Ware.
    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    1. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
    2. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
    3. Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
    4. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
    Show answer

    Answer: (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I. Both are correct, and the second explains the first: the presence of pottery predating NBPW (which begins around 700 BCE) is the evidence used to date the oldest layers to about 800 BCE.

  5. With reference to punch-marked coins, which of the following statements is/are correct?
    1. They were mostly made of silver.
    2. They were struck with a single die bearing the ruler's portrait and name.
    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 1 only
    2. 2 only
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Neither 1 nor 2
    Show answer

    Answer: (a) 1 only. Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect: symbols were punched one at a time, and the coins carry no portraits or names of rulers; those appear later, for example on Indo-Greek coins.

  6. Northern Black Polished Ware is most closely associated with which phase of Indian history?

    1. The Harappan civilisation
    2. The Chalcolithic cultures of the Deccan
    3. The Mahajanapadas and the second urbanisation
    4. The Gupta period
    Show answer

    Answer: (c) The Mahajanapadas and the second urbanisation. NBPW, dated to about 700 to 200 BCE, peaks with the Mahajanapadas and the rise of the Mauryas, the period of the second urbanisation of the Ganga plain.